General maintenance of tractors and agricultural equipment will include an oil change and the question will arise as to which grade or type of oil to use in the engine. The answer to that varies with several factors, including the engine used, the fuel used in the engine, the operational hours of the engine, and most significantly, the ambient temperatures in which the tractor is to operate in.
Engine motor oil lubricants offer several functions in an engine, including lubrication, engine cooling, removal of impurities in the engine, a sealer of small microscopic holes in seals and gaskets, and as an inhibitor of corrosion by preventing rust from forming on the internal engine components. To perform these functions efficiently, appropriate oils must be chosen based on the engine application and the other functions mentioned above.
The first selection factor is the engine fuel itself. Diesel engines are manufactured to higher compression ratios and will need better protection than gasoline engines. Thus, the oil chosen must be specially manufactured for gas or diesel engines. The ambient temperature is one of the most significant factors in oil selection.
For above zero Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit, the single (mono) grade SAE 40 oil can be used for temperatures between 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) to 50 degrees C (122 degrees F). The straight SAE 30 can be used between 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) to 40 degrees C (104 degrees F). The single grade SAE 10W winter motor oil can be used between -25 degrees C (-13 degrees F) to 10 degrees C (50 degrees F).
The multi grade oils have a large variation of temperature applications, with the largest variation oil being the SAE 0W-40 multi grade oil, which can be used in temperatures -40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) to 50 degrees C (122 degrees F). Like the SAE 0W-40, the SAE 15W-40 and SAE 10W-40 can both operate to a maximum of 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), however, the minimum temperature of the SAE 14W-40 is approximately -18 degrees C (-2 degrees F), and the SAE 10W-40 minimum is -25 degrees C (-13 degrees F).
The SAE 10W-30 has the same minimum temperature of the SAE 10W-40; however, a maximum ambient temperature of 40 degrees C (104 degrees F) can be reached with no negative effects. The SAER 5W-30 has the same maximum as the SAE 10W-30, but is designed for a slightly lower temperature of -30 degrees C (-22 degrees F).
Machines operating in temperature below -40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) will need to use oil that’s typically called “Arctic Oil” which has been specifically manufactured for such low temperature applications.
Ontario Parts Hotline is a major provider of aftermarket John Deere Parts and David Brown Tractor Parts
Friday, 11 November 2011
John Deere Air Intake Engine Design Systems
A unique feature of John Deere engines is that the engines are designated differently based upon the type of the air intake systems used in its varied industrial, construction, agricultural, oil and gas or other applications. Understanding these different designations is crucial in deciphering the application of the engine and in identifying the correct maintenance parts.
The five (5) different designations that are used for John Deere engines are D, T, A, S and H. The D is the oldest and simplest air intake system for John Deere engines. This is a an engine whereby the reciprocating positions will pull air into the air intake system directly through an air filter, and directly into the combustion chamber where combustion occurs.
The T designated engines are all turbocharged engines. The turbocharged engine process was a later addition to the “D” engines to reduce fuel combustion and boost engine power. The turbocharged unit is fitted between the air intake system and the ducts leading to the combustion chamber. Exhaust gases are channeled through radial placed vanes on a shaft, which produced motion in one side of the turbocharged unit. The central shaft then turns a compressor in the second section of the turbocharger, pulling filtered air in and compressing it to a high density. The high density air is then compressed into the combustion chamber. The higher air density ensures more efficient fuel combustion and improved fuel economy.
The third John Deere engine designation is A. The A abbreviation is an indication that the engine is fitted with a turbocharger and an Aftercooler, and the cooling medium in the engine is air to water/coolant. The aftercooler is a cooling device like a radiator with its cooling medium being coolant or water.
In the John Deere 4650 tractor, the intercooler fits into the intake manifold of the engine and cools the compressed air that’s being routed from the turbocharger before it enters the combustion chamber. In the turbocharger, the compressed air makes it denser; however, the temperature of the air has also increased. However, hot air will expand less when burned in the combustion chamber and may also cause diesel knock. The liquid coolant intercooler is used to reduce the temperature of the compressed air to prevent these combustion problems.
The H designation John Deere engine abbreviation is another option to the A engine in that the engine is fitted with an intercooler, however, the cooling medium in the H engine is air. Ambient air is forced into the tubes of the intercooler, absorbing the heat of the compressed turbocharged air, and then being discharged. The H engine aftercooling system is called “air to air".
The final designation of John Deere engines is the S designation. The S John Deere engines are the marine engines, and the S symbol indicates that the marine engine is turbocharged and aftercooled, however cooled by a combination of air and seawater. There are different configurations of this cooling system, which may include additional pumps and pipes to pull in seawater and then to expel the heated water back into the river or sea.
Ontario Parts Hotline is a major provider of aftermarket John Deere Parts and Ford Tractor Parts
The five (5) different designations that are used for John Deere engines are D, T, A, S and H. The D is the oldest and simplest air intake system for John Deere engines. This is a an engine whereby the reciprocating positions will pull air into the air intake system directly through an air filter, and directly into the combustion chamber where combustion occurs.
The T designated engines are all turbocharged engines. The turbocharged engine process was a later addition to the “D” engines to reduce fuel combustion and boost engine power. The turbocharged unit is fitted between the air intake system and the ducts leading to the combustion chamber. Exhaust gases are channeled through radial placed vanes on a shaft, which produced motion in one side of the turbocharged unit. The central shaft then turns a compressor in the second section of the turbocharger, pulling filtered air in and compressing it to a high density. The high density air is then compressed into the combustion chamber. The higher air density ensures more efficient fuel combustion and improved fuel economy.
The third John Deere engine designation is A. The A abbreviation is an indication that the engine is fitted with a turbocharger and an Aftercooler, and the cooling medium in the engine is air to water/coolant. The aftercooler is a cooling device like a radiator with its cooling medium being coolant or water.
In the John Deere 4650 tractor, the intercooler fits into the intake manifold of the engine and cools the compressed air that’s being routed from the turbocharger before it enters the combustion chamber. In the turbocharger, the compressed air makes it denser; however, the temperature of the air has also increased. However, hot air will expand less when burned in the combustion chamber and may also cause diesel knock. The liquid coolant intercooler is used to reduce the temperature of the compressed air to prevent these combustion problems.
The H designation John Deere engine abbreviation is another option to the A engine in that the engine is fitted with an intercooler, however, the cooling medium in the H engine is air. Ambient air is forced into the tubes of the intercooler, absorbing the heat of the compressed turbocharged air, and then being discharged. The H engine aftercooling system is called “air to air".
The final designation of John Deere engines is the S designation. The S John Deere engines are the marine engines, and the S symbol indicates that the marine engine is turbocharged and aftercooled, however cooled by a combination of air and seawater. There are different configurations of this cooling system, which may include additional pumps and pipes to pull in seawater and then to expel the heated water back into the river or sea.
Ontario Parts Hotline is a major provider of aftermarket John Deere Parts and Ford Tractor Parts
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